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音頻科普：諾貝爾物理學獎頒給了控制激光技術
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音頻科普：諾貝爾物理學獎頒給了控制激光技術
?Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland共同獲得了2018年諾貝爾物理學獎。他們與激光有關的工作產(chǎn)生了許多實際應用，比如眼科手術。
撰文\播音：史蒂夫·米爾斯基（Steve?Mirsky）
翻譯：邱燕寧
審校：張清越
“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”
目前CPA的主要實際應用是眼科手術。這是第一個應用，并且我認為這也最普遍的最廣泛的一個應用。
Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with G?ran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.
Donna Strickland今早在得知自己與他人共同獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎之后，于卡羅林斯卡學院與諾貝爾獎組委會的戈蘭·漢森通了電話。CPA指啁啾脈沖放大技術，這種技術可以產(chǎn)生非常短的高強度脈沖激光。
A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:
在與Strickland談話前幾分鐘，漢森宣布:
“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to?Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems?and the other half jointly to?Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.
今年的獎項是關于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科學院今天決定授予2018年諾貝爾物理學獎的一半授予Arthur Ashkin，為他在光學鑷子和其在生物系統(tǒng)上的應用；另一半授予Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland，為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的產(chǎn)生高強度的超短光脈沖的方法。
“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the école Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.
Arthur Ashkin 1922年出生于紐約市。他在美國新澤西州的貝爾實驗室完成了他的非凡發(fā)明。Gérard Mourou1944年出生于法國阿爾貝維爾。他現(xiàn)在在法國帕萊索的綜合工科學校工作，也在美國的密歇根大學兼職。
“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”
Donna Strickland 1959年出生于圭爾夫，目前在職于加拿大滑鐵盧大學。Mourou博士和Strickland博士在美國羅切斯特大學一起從事了許多開創(chuàng)性的工作。
Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:
諾貝爾物理學獎委員會主席，物理學家Olga Bottner補充說:
“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what’s more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”
今天，我們慶祝激光物理學領域的兩項發(fā)明，這兩項發(fā)明開創(chuàng)了新的科學前景。但更重要的是，這些發(fā)明已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生應用并在社會產(chǎn)生了直接效益。可以控制微小生物的光鑷子，以及一種可用于產(chǎn)生高強度致密激光系統(tǒng)的放大技術。
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?Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland共同獲得了2018年諾貝爾物理學獎。他們與激光有關的工作產(chǎn)生了許多實際應用，比如眼科手術。
撰文\播音：史蒂夫·米爾斯基（Steve?Mirsky）
翻譯：邱燕寧
審校：張清越
“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”
目前CPA的主要實際應用是眼科手術。這是第一個應用，并且我認為這也最普遍的最廣泛的一個應用。
Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with G?ran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.
Donna Strickland今早在得知自己與他人共同獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎之后，于卡羅林斯卡學院與諾貝爾獎組委會的戈蘭·漢森通了電話。CPA指啁啾脈沖放大技術，這種技術可以產(chǎn)生非常短的高強度脈沖激光。
A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:
在與Strickland談話前幾分鐘，漢森宣布:
“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to?Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems?and the other half jointly to?Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.
今年的獎項是關于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科學院今天決定授予2018年諾貝爾物理學獎的一半授予Arthur Ashkin，為他在光學鑷子和其在生物系統(tǒng)上的應用；另一半授予Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland，為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的產(chǎn)生高強度的超短光脈沖的方法。
“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the école Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.
Arthur Ashkin 1922年出生于紐約市。他在美國新澤西州的貝爾實驗室完成了他的非凡發(fā)明。Gérard Mourou1944年出生于法國阿爾貝維爾。他現(xiàn)在在法國帕萊索的綜合工科學校工作，也在美國的密歇根大學兼職。
“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”
Donna Strickland 1959年出生于圭爾夫，目前在職于加拿大滑鐵盧大學。Mourou博士和Strickland博士在美國羅切斯特大學一起從事了許多開創(chuàng)性的工作。
Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:
諾貝爾物理學獎委員會主席，物理學家Olga Bottner補充說:
“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what’s more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”
今天，我們慶祝激光物理學領域的兩項發(fā)明，這兩項發(fā)明開創(chuàng)了新的科學前景。但更重要的是，這些發(fā)明已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生應用并在社會產(chǎn)生了直接效益。可以控制微小生物的光鑷子，以及一種可用于產(chǎn)生高強度致密激光系統(tǒng)的放大技術。
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